BestBETs - Browse BETs and Critical Appraisals By Topic

Medical » Resuscitation

			Bypass is better than external rewarming after hypothermic cardiac arrest
			Fluid resuscitation in acute abdominal aortic aneurysm
			The gag reflex is a poor discriminator for the need for intubation
			Intravenous Magnesium in shock-resistant tachyarrhythmias
			Steroids in the management of near-drowning
			Barbiturates in near drowning
			Glucagon infusion in anaphylactic shock in patients on beta-blockers
			Hyperbaric (HBO) or normobaric oxygen (NBO) in the treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning
			Monophasic versus Biphasic defibrillation
			Screw tipped needles for intra-osseous access
			Standard bone marrow aspiration needles (Jamshidi) are easier and quicker to place than specifically designed IO infusion needles (Cook).
			Hypertonic or isotonic saline in hypotensive patients with severe head injury
			NIPPV for acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema
			End Tidal CO2 as a prognostic test in cardiorespiratory arrest
			Treatment effectiveness of conservative managment for Posterior Tibialis Tendon Dysfunction (PTTD)
			Intravenous or intramuscular/subcutaneous naloxone in opiod overdose
			Does an infusion of IV normal saline aid the recovery rate of the collapsed recreational athlete
			Low dose (renal dose) dopamine in the critically ill patient
			Difficult intubation, the bougie and the stylet
			Biphasic or monophasic defibrillation for adult ventricular fibrillation
			Thrombolysis may be of benefit in patients with prolonged cardiac arrest
			High-flow haemofiltration in sepsis
			Capillary blood gases as an alternative to arterial puncture in shock
			Oxygen therapy in acute strokes
			Is the central venous pressure reading equally reliable if the central line is inserted via the femoral vein
			amidarone versus lidocaine as first line drug in stable VT
			In patients with status epilepticus is IV phenytoin a safe second line agent
			Neurological Outcome with Mechanical CPR
			Do asymptomatic premature infants need routine 'top up' transfusions?
			Etomidate for procedural sedation in the emergency department.
			Risks from re-breathing own expirations for the hyperventilating patient
			Following successful use of IM glucagon for hypoglycaemia can patients be left at home
			Use of magills forceps in removing obstructions in the choking patient
			Diagnostic utility of CT scan in patients presenting with a first fit
			Role of prolactin in differentiating between fits and pseudofits
			Use of bicarbonate in adults with diabetic ketoacidosis
			Therapeutic hypothermia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
			Cardiopulmonary bypass and the survival of patients in cardiac arrest
			Paddle position in emergency cardioversion of atrial fibrillation
			Are biphasic defibrillators superior to monophasic defibrillators for the emergency cardioversion of acute atrial fibrillation?
			Is continuous positive airway pressure effective in bronchiolitis?
			Is bubble jet CPAP more effective in respiratory distress syndrome?
			Do low dose steroids improve outcome in septic shock?
			Aminophylline in bradyasystolic cardiac arrest
			Anion gap is a screening tool for elevated lactate with risk of sepsis
			Concomitant use of benzodiazepines in opiate overdose and the association with a poorer outcome.
			Atropine in complete heart block secondary to calcium channel blockers toxicity/overdose.
			Is mechanical CPR better than manual CPR
			Fluid Treatment of Gastroenteritis in Adults
			Does measuring the size of a patient's little finger reflect optimal size of nasopharyngeal airway?
			Should venous sample be used instead of capillary sample for estimation of blood glucose in patients with shock
			Central venous catheterisation - internal jugular or subclavian approach?

Generic appraisals

Puskas JD, Williams, Duke PG et al.: Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting provides complete revascularization with reduced myocardial injury,transfusion requirements, and length of stay: a single blind RCT; Randomised control trial
Kirkpatrick AW: Hand-held Thoracic Sonography for Detecting Post-Traumatic Pneumothoraces: the Extended Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (EFAST); Diagnosis
levitan RM: Limitations of difficult airway prediction in patients intubated in the emergency department.; Cohort
Baker R.C, Tiller T., Bausher J. et al: Severity of Disease correlated with fever reduction in febrile infants; Cohort

Medical » Cardiovascular system » Chest pain » Cardiac

			Is an early invasive approach superior to a conservative strategy in patients with acute coronary syndrome?
			The first ECG has a low sensitivity for myocardial infarction in patients with chest pain
			Troponin T does not rule out myocardial damage until 12 hours after the onset of chest pain
			Oral or intravenous beta-blockers in acute myocardial infarction
			Can cardiac troponins be used to diagnose a perioperative myocardial infarction post cardiac surgery?
			GII/IIIB inhibitors in addition to LMWH unproven in unstable angina
			Troponin for 30 day risk stratification in chest pain patients with ischaemic ECG.
			Prophylactic magnesium is not indicated in myocardial infarction
			Aspirin administration should be administered as quickly as practicable in acute myocardial infarction
			Nitrate therapy in distinguishing between cardiac and non-cardiac chest pain
			Buccal or nitrate spray for the pre-hospital patient
			Acute myocardial infarction in cocaine induced chest pain presenting as an emergency
			What is the risk of AMI in amphetamine induced chest pain presenting to the ED?
			Diamorphine or morphine for ischaemic cardiac chest pain
			Emergency Department ultrasound for pericardial tamponade.
			Role of combined cardiac enzyme assay in chest pain or suspected myocardial infarction with non-diagnostic ECG
			Antacids and diagnosis in patients with atypical chest pain
			Beta-blockers in cocaine induced acute coronary syndrome
			Rethrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction
			Cocaine induced myocardial ischaemia - nitrates versus benzodiazepines
			All low molecular weight heparins are equal, but some more equal than others. A comparison of clexane and fragmin in ACS.
			Does ST segment monitoring rule in MI
			Does ST segment monitoring predict MI/mortality in the near future.
			Emergency Department Thrombolysis in Painless or asymptomatic myocardial Infarction
			Use of high dose statins in immediate treatment of acute coronary syndromes
			Peptic ulcer disease and aspirin in chest pain
			Oxygen in acute uncomplicated myocardial infarction
			Computerized Tomography for Small Bowel Obstruction
			Spiral CT in Aortic Dissection
			Role of steroids in myocarditis
			Primary Angioplasty versus Thrombolysis in acute MI
			Pre-Hospital ECG. Effect on door to needle time and overall pain to needle time
			Safety of thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction in patients with a previous stroke
			Myocardial perfusion imaging helps diagnose acute chest pain in Emergency Department
			Does a normal ECG rule out the diagnosis of heart failure in the breathless patient presenting to the ED?
			A tender chest does not rule out an acute coronary syndrome
			More than just lipid-lowering: emergency statins within the initial 12 hours of an acute coronary syndrome
			Don't put off till tomorrow: Statins should be given within 24 hours of onset in acute coronary syndromes
			Clopidogrel in the treatment of ACS in patients on Warfarin
			Myeloperoxidase: a novel cardiac marker with potential for future use in the Emergency Department
			Beta Blockers in Acute Coronary Syndromes
			Beta Blockers in Unstable Angina
			Beta Blockers in ST elevation MI
			Is clopidogrel benefical in ST-segment evlevation MI undergoing PCI?
			Perceiving the unperceivable? The ECG in acute myocardial infarction with left bundle branch block
			Serial CK-MB plus serial electrocardiography for early rule out of myocardial infarction
			Clopidogrel: 600mg or 300mg ahead of primary angioplasty?
			The clinical utility of soluble CD40 ligand as a cardiac marker in the Emergency Department
			Whole blood choline as a cardiac marker for use in the Emergency Department
			Nicorandil: A tentative addition to the growing polypharmacy in unstable angina
			Emergent nicorandil in acute myocardial infarction
			Brain natriuretic peptide as a potential marker of acute coronary syndromes
			N-terminal-pro-BNP may have more potential than BNP as a marker of acute coronary syndromes
			P-selectin in the triage of suspected cardiac chest pain
			Thrombospondin as an early marker of acute coronary syndromes
			D-dimer for the emergent exclusion of acute coronary syndromes
			The Use of IV Cyclizine in Cardiac Chest Pain
			Is it my heart, doctor? Placental growth factor for detection of cardiac chest pain

Medical » Cardiovascular system » Chest pain » Pleuritic

			Nitrate therapy in distinguishing between cardiac and non-cardiac chest pain
			Clinical probability scoring and pulmonary embolism
			Diagnostic utility of chest xray for investigation of pulmonary embolism

Medical » Cardiovascular system » Chest pain » Other

			Nitrate therapy in distinguishing between cardiac and non-cardiac chest pain
			The sensitivity of a normal chest radiograph in ruling out aortic dissection
			Peripheral pulses to exclude thoracic aortic dissection
			Detection of Acute Aortic Dissection with D-Dimer
			Spiral CT in Aortic Dissection
			Role of steroids in myocarditis
			Echocardiography in bacterial endocarditis

Medical » Cardiovascular system » Dysrhythmias

			Cardiac monitoring not needed in household electrical injury if the patient is asymptomatic and has a normal ECG
			In patients with dysrhythmias following tricyclic overdose patients treatment should include alkalinisation to a pH of 7.55
			Intravenous Magnesium in shock-resistant tachyarrhythmias
			Intravenous adenosine can be used in asthmatics
			Syncope and a normal ECG - the likelihood of a cardiac arrythmia
			Is Intravenous Adenosine Effective and Safe in Patients presenting with Unstable Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia?
			Monophasic versus Biphasic defibrillation
			Amiodarone versus Lignocaine in resistant ventricular tachycardia
			Epinephrine self-injection for anaphylaxis in children
			The use of Trendelburg position to cardiovert SVT in adult patients back to sinus rhythm
			Energy levels for emergency cardioversion with biphasic defibrillators
			Intravenous diltiazem for the control of ventricular rate in patients with recent onset atrial fibrillation and left ventricular failure
			Amiodarone or flecainide for cardioversion in acute onset atrial fibrillation
			Is Sotalol more effective than standard beta-blockers for the prophylaxis of atrial fibrillation during cardiac surgery
			Prophylactic Amiodarone in the prevention of Atrial Fibrillation
			amidarone versus lidocaine as first line drug in stable VT
			Is rate control superior to conversion strategy in AF post cardiac surgery?
			Is amiodarone or digoxin better in AF post cardiac surgery in terms of time to return of sinus rhythm?
			Use of Low molecular weight heparins in first presentation atrial fibrillation
			Is clopidogrel beneficial following coronary bypass surgery
			Intravenous v oral digoxin in newly diagnosed AF
			Paddle position in emergency cardioversion of atrial fibrillation
			Are biphasic defibrillators superior to monophasic defibrillators for the emergency cardioversion of acute atrial fibrillation?
			Bi-atrial pacing significantly reduces the Incidence of atrial fibrillation post cardiac surgery
			What is the optimal anticoagulation management of patients post cardiac surgery who go into atrial fibrillation?
			Are prophylactic beta-blockers of benefit in reducing the incidence of AF following coronary bypass surgery?
			Is there a role for prophylaxis against atrial fibrillation for patients undergoing lung surgery?
			Which is the best calcium channel blocker for controlling the ventricular rate in patients with atrial fibrillation?
			Anticoagulation post-cardioversion of acute atrial fibrillation in the emergency department
			Anticoagulation before cardioversion of acute atrial fibrillation in the emergency department
			For a patient requiring emergency cardioversion for acute unstable atrial fibrillation, is electrical cardioversion superior to chemical cardioversion?
			Electrical versus chemical cardioversion of stable acute atrial fibrillation in the Emergency Department.
			Rate control versus rhythm control in acute atrial fibrillation of less than 48 hours duration.
			Flecainide vs placebo for the cardioversion of atrial fibrillation
			Is Hospital Admission for Uncomplicated Atrial Fibrillation Medically Necessary?
			Amiodarone vs placebo for the cardioversion of atrial fibrillation
			Are calcium channel blockers superior to digoxin for controlling the ventricular rate in patients with recent onset atrial fibrillation?
			Are calcium channel blockers superior to digoxin for controlling the ventricular rate in patients with atrial fibrillation?
			Is Digoxin Better Than Placebo at Controlling Ventricular Rate in Atrial Fibrillation?
			Intravenous magnesium for ventricular rate control in acute atrial fibrillation.
			Does 1st presentation SVT require further investigation?
			Risks of Thrombo-embolism from the Cardioversion of Acute Atrial Fibrillation of < 48 hours Duration.
			Are cardiac markers worth measuring in adult patients presenting to the Emergency Department with syncope?
			Comparing Valsalva manoeuvre with carotid sinus massage in adults with supraventricular tachycardia
			Procedural Sedation for Cardioversion
			Adenosine vs Verapamil in the acute treatment of supraventricular tachycardias
			Differential diagnosis of narrow complex tachycardias by increasing electrocardiograph speed
			No evidence for the comparison between monophasic DC shock and biphasic DC shock in the acute management of supraventricular tachycardia
			Comparison of Esmolol vs Propanolol in achieving and maintaining sinus rhythm in narrow complex tachycardia in an acute setting.
			Sotalol in the acute management of narrow complex tachycardia in haemodinamically stable patients
			Atropine in complete heart block secondary to calcium channel blockers toxicity/overdose.
			Negative D-dimer may allow safe early cardioversion of atrial fibrillation

Medical » Cardiovascular system » Cardiac arrest

			Bypass is better than external rewarming after hypothermic cardiac arrest
			Perimortem caesarean section
			Monophasic versus Biphasic defibrillation
			End Tidal CO2 as a prognostic test in cardiorespiratory arrest
			Amiodarone versus Lignocaine in resistant ventricular tachycardia
			Treatment effectiveness of conservative managment for Posterior Tibialis Tendon Dysfunction (PTTD)
			Emergency Department ultrasound for pericardial tamponade.
			Vasopressin or adrenaline in cardiac resuscitation
			Biphasic or monophasic defibrillation for adult ventricular fibrillation
			Cardiopulmonary bypass and the survival of patients in cardiac arrest
			Massive PE and cardiogenic shock. To thrombolyse or not to thrombolyse, that is the question.
			Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A): a novel cardiac marker with promise
			Is mechanical CPR better than manual CPR

Medical » Cardiovascular system » Heart failure

			Nitrates as first line treatment for acute left ventricular failure
			CPAP in acute left ventricular failure
			NIPPV for acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema
			Managing acute pulmonary oedema with high or standard dose nitrate
			Does the application of opiates, during an attack of Acute Cardiogenic Pulmonary Oedma, reduce patients' mortality and morbidity?
			Use of BNP in diagnosis of LVF
			Is Warfarin anticoagulation indicated in left ventricular dysfunction
			ACE inhibitors in addition to standard treatments in acute heart failure
			Massive PE and cardiogenic shock. To thrombolyse or not to thrombolyse, that is the question.
			Intubation and NIPPV in heart failure
			Use of nitrates, opiates and diuretics in heart failure
			Use of diuretics and ace-inhibitors in heart failure
			Use of diuretics and nitrates in acute heart failure
			Use of nitrates and ace-inhibitors in heart failure
			Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A): a novel cardiac marker with promise
			E-selectin as a plasma marker of acute coronary syndromes
			Soluble ICAM-1 as a cardiac biomarker for use in the Emergency Department
			Soluble VCAM-1 as a cardiac marker in the Emergency Department

Medical » Respiratory system » Asthma

			Oral steroids are as effective as intravenous steroids in acute severe asthma
			Bronchodilator delivery in acute severe asthma in adults
			Halothane in life threatening asthma
			Delivering nebulized treatment in severe asthma: mouthpiece or mask
			Magnesium Sulphate in Acute Asthma
			Lignocaine as a pretreatment to Rapid Sequence Induction in patients with status asthmaticus.
			Is IV aminophylline better than IV salbutamol in the treatment of moderate to severe asthma
			Endotracheal adrenaline in intubated patients with asthma
			Is homeopathy better than placebo in the treatment of bronchial asthma ?
			Capillary blood gases as an alternative to arterial puncture in acute asthma
			Use of heliox for acute asthma in the emergency department
			Is an intravenous infusion of salbutamol better than continuous nebulized salbutamol in the treatment of moderate to severe asthma in children?
			Does magnesium sulphate have a role in the management of paediatric status asthmaticus?
			Oral steroids in management of asthma in acute peptic ulcer patient
			Antihistamines in Acute Asthma
			Continuous v/s Intermittent Nebulisers in Acute Asthma
			Nebulised Furosemide in Acute Adult Asthma
			The Use of IV Aminophylline in addition to beta-agonists and steroids in Acute Asthma

Medical » Respiratory system » COPD

			Delivering nebulized treatment in severe asthma: mouthpiece or mask
			Capillary blood gases are comparable to arterial gases in COPD
			Multiple different bronchodilators unnecessary in acute COPD
			Antibiotics in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
			Administration of steroids in acute exacerbations of COPD
			Intravenous magnesium in chronic pulmonary disease (COPD)
			Peak expiratory flow rate as a discriminator in acute exacerbation of COPD
			High flow oxygen in acute exacerbation of COPD

Medical » Respiratory system » Infections

			Steroids in chickenpox pneumonia
			How effective is the diphtheria vaccine?

Medical » Respiratory system » Pneumothorax

			Needle aspiration better than chest drain for spontaneous pneumothorax
			Does plain radiography predict pneumothorax size?
			Does needle always mean tube after suspected tension pneumothorax?
			Atropine as a pre-procedure medication in elective pleural aspiration

Medical » GI system » GI bleeding » Upper

			Terlipressin and somatostatin appear equally effective in the treatment of bleeding oesophageal varices
			Role of nebulised salbutamol in acute shortness of breath due to pulmonary oedema
			Pharmacological treatment of bleeding oesophageal varices
			Terlipressin or sclerotherapy for acute variceal bleeding?
			Intravenous H2 antagonists in acute upper GI bleed
			Oral H2 antagonist in acute upper GI bleed
			Pre and post endoscopic use of IV proton pump inhibtors in acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeds, bolus vs infusion
			Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleed and Intravenous Proton Pump Inhibitor
			Octreotide for non-variceal upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage
			Should aspirin be stopped in epistaxis

Medical » GI system » Infection

			Antibiotics in travellers diarrhoea
			Herbal remedies as treatment for mouth ulcers.
			Fluid Treatment of Gastroenteritis in Adults

Medical » Neurolgical problems » Tia / stroke

			Does Nimodipine reduce mortality and secondary ischaemic events after subarachnoid haemorrhage?
			Early feeding versus conservative treatment in the elderly stroke patient
			Oxygen therapy in acute strokes
			CT brain scan and transient ischaemic attack
			Use of aspirin in acute stroke
			Use of thrombolysis in acute ischaemic stroke
			Can epiaortic ultrasound reduce the incidence of intraoperative stroke during cardiac surgery?
			Safety of thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction in patients with a previous stroke
			Risks of Thrombo-embolism from the Cardioversion of Acute Atrial Fibrillation of < 48 hours Duration.

Medical » Neurolgical problems » Headache

			Is (30/500) Kapake superior to (8/500) Cocodamol in mild to moderate pain in headache
			Do pizotifen or propranolol reduce the frequency of migraine headache
			Does a normal CT scan rule out a subarachnoid hemorrhage
			GCS as predictor of outcome for subarachnoid haemorrhage
			Does intranasal or oral sumatriptan effectively relieve migraine headaches in adolescents?
			Chlorpromazine in Migraine
			Timing of lumbar puncture in suspected sub arachnoid haemorrhage
			Antifibrinolytics for the initial management of sub arachnoid haemorrhage.
			Reinsertion of the stylet prior to needle removal in diagnostic lumbar puncture
			Prochlorperazine is better than sumatariptan in the treatment of acute migraine headache
			CT Angiography for detection of Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
			Dexamethasone to prevent recurrence of benign headache
			Distal Interphalangeal Joint Dislocations
			The Use of Metoclopramide in Migraine Headache
			Timing of nimodipine in subarachnoid haemorrhage

Medical » Neurolgical problems » CNS infection

			Does intravenous mannitol improve outcome in cerebral malaria?
			Identification of meningococcus from skin scrapings without LP
			The use of steroids in adults with bacterial meningitis
			Reinsertion of the stylet prior to needle removal in diagnostic lumbar puncture

Medical » Endocrine system » Diabetes

			IV Glucose is better than glucagon for hypoglycaemia
			Urine dipsticks in screening for diabetes mellitus
			Capillary blood gases as an alternative to arterial puncture in diabetic ketoacidosis
			Venous blood gas in adult patients with diabetic ketoacidosis
			Use of bicarbonate in adults with diabetic ketoacidosis
			Adult diabetic care: specialist clinic vs GP service
			Hartmanns or Normal Saline for DKA?
			Management of glucose post cardiac arrest
			Insulin bolus in DKA, is it necessary?

Medical » Endocrine system » Other

			Should nifedipine be used to counter low blood sugar levels in children with persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia?
			What is the best steriod to use for Addisonian crisis? Dexamethasone or Hydrocortisone
			Nebulized levalbuterol or albuterol for lowering serum potassium

Medical » Thromboembolic disease » Swollen lower limb / DVT

			Low molecular weight heparin is the treatment of choice for deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
			Outpatient treatment for patients with uncomplicated above knee deep vein thrombosis
			SimpliRed and diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis
			Penetrating neck injury in zone 2
			Thrombotic complications of a femoral central venous catheter
			Elastic Compression Stockings and the risk of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) in patients with symptomatic proximal vein thrombosis
			Flight Deep Vein Thrombosis prophylaxis in lower limb injury
			Antithrombotic treatment of below knee deep venous thrombosis
			Should warfarin therapy be commenced alongside low molecular weight heparin on diagnosis of a deep vein thrombosis?
			Accuracy of clinical probability and D-dimers in the diagnosis of DVT
			Accuracy of ultrasound in the diagnosis of DVT
			Self-administration of low molecular weight heparin in patients with DVT
			Outpatient investigation of patients with DVT
			Safety of inferior vena cava filters as primary treatment for proximal deep vein thrombosis
			Low molecular weight heparin for IV drug users with DVT
			Is a D Dimer test of value in pregnant woman with suspected pulmonary embolus
			Physiotherapy to treat deep vein thrombosis.

Medical » Thromboembolic disease » PE

			SimpliRed D-dimer does not rule out suspected pulmonary embolus
			Combining clinical probability and ventilation-perfusion scan for diagnosis of pulmonary embolism
			In an adult patient with pleuritic chest pain, is the chest wall tenderness a useful discriminatory sign of PE?
			Diagnostic utility of ECG for diagnosing pulmonary embolism
			Outpatient treatment of pulmonary embolism
			Outpatient investigation of pulmonary embolism
			CT pulmonary angiogram compared with ventilation-perfusion scan for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism in patients with cardiorespiratory disease
			IL D-dimer test in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism
			Should warfarin therapy be commenced alongside low molecular weight heparin on diagnosis of a deep vein thrombosis?
			Safety of inferior vena cava filters as primary treatment for proximal deep vein thrombosis
			In Pulmonary Embolus is the Aa gradient a useful diagnostic tool?
			Spiral CT versus IVU for the evaluation of renal/Ureteric colic
			Massive PE and cardiogenic shock. To thrombolyse or not to thrombolyse, that is the question.
			Low molecular weight heparin for IV drug users with DVT
			Major complications with low molecular weight and unfractionated heparin in patients investigated for thromboembolism.
			Does anticoagulation improve outcome in patients with pulmonary embolism?
			Can D-dimer exclude pulmonary embolus in pregnant patients?
			Aspirin in the treatment of acute pulmonary embolism
			Physiotherapy in the treatment of pulmonary embolism.

Medical » Dermatology / rashes » Infective

			Topical mupirocin seems the treatment of choice in systemically well children with impetigo
			Should verrucas be covered while swimming?
			Flucloxacillin or azithromycin for uncomplicated cellulitis
			The straight, slow method may be best for removing ticks

Medical » Dermatology / rashes » Non infective

			Combination therapy with H2 and H1 antihistamines in acute, non compromising allergic reactions
			Management of exacerabation of eczema

Medical » GU system » Infections » STD's

			White cell count and diagnosing Urinary tract infection
			Accuracy of negative dipstick urinalysis in ruling out urinary tract infection in adults
			Intravenous NSAID's in the mangement of pyelonephritis
			Is oral acyclovir effective for treatment of primary herpetic infection?
			Should urine polymerase chain reaction for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis be used as a screening test in women?

Medical » GU system » Infections » Non STD's

			Clean catch urine or bag specimen in UTI in non toilet trained children?
			Long standing symptoms of UTI:Failure to eradicate primary infection vs initial cure with subsequent reinfection
			White cell count and diagnosing Urinary tract infection
			Accuracy of negative dipstick urinalysis in ruling out urinary tract infection in adults
			Intravenous NSAID's in the mangement of pyelonephritis
			UTI in men - is investigation required?
			Is oral acyclovir effective for treatment of primary herpetic infection?

Medical » GU system » Other

			Dopexamine use as prophylaxis for renal impairment in critically ill patients
			Delayed vs 24h TWOC in patients with BPH and first episode of acute retention
			Should we CT patients with asymptomatic haematuria
			Intravenous or oral/neublizer salbutamol in severe hyperkalemia
			Should patients on anticoagulant therapy with haematuria be investigated immediately?

Medical » Poisoning » Assessment

			Vomiting in paracetamol overdose
			Gastric lavage in paracetamol poisoning
			Safe discharge of some patients who have taken an overdose of opioids may be possible after one hour
			Do routine paracetamol levels need to be taken in all patients presenting with overdose ?
			Oral methionine compared with intravenous n-acetyl cysteine for paracetamol overdose
			Conservative mangement of asymptomatic cocaine body packers
			Cocaine induced myocardial ischaemia - nitrates versus benzodiazepines
			Abdominal radiography in 'Body Packers'.
			Glucagon in tricyclic overdose
			ECG vs Serum drug level in Tricyclic antidepressant Overdose
			ECG abnormalities as predictors in Tricyclic antidepressant overdose
			Diagnosis of drug overdose by rapid reversal with Naloxone.
			Prediction of fatal overdose in opiate addicts.
			PH Vs ECG in Tricyclic antidepressant overdose
			Concomitant use of alcohol in opiate overdose and the association with a poorer outcome.
			Concomitant use of benzodiazepines in opiate overdose and the association with a poorer outcome.

Medical » Poisoning » Specific treatment

			The use of oral or intravenous antidote for paracetamol overdose
			Timing of antidote in paracetamol overdose
			In patients with dysrhythmias following tricyclic overdose patients treatment should include alkalinisation to a pH of 7.55
			Activated charcoal is indicated in paracetamol overdose
			Little evidence for activated charcoal in tricyclic antidepressant overdose
			Activated charcoal reduces the gastric absorption of iron compounds
			Gastric lavage in aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug overdose
			Gastric Lavage in Tricyclic Antidepressant Overdose
			No good evidence supports gastric lavage in iron overdose
			Management of acute ethylene glycol poisoning
			Prophylactic antibiotics in near-drowning
			Flumazenil and suspected benzodiazepine overdose
			Antibiotics in non venomous snake bite
			Hyperbaric (HBO) or normobaric oxygen (NBO) in the treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning
			Glucagon for the treatment of symptomatic B-blocker overdose
			Endotracheal intubation in gamma-hydroxybutyric acid intoxication and overdose
			Leucovorin (calcium folinate) in "antifreeze" poisoning
			Gammahydroxybutyrate overdose and physostigmine
			Gastric lavage in paracetamol poisoning
			Intravenous or intramuscular/subcutaneous naloxone in opiod overdose
			Oral methionine compared with intravenous n-acetyl cysteine for paracetamol overdose
			No clinical evidence for gastric lavage in lithium overdose
			Evidence limited and against gastric lavage in arsenic overdose
			Beta-blockers in cocaine induced acute coronary syndrome
			Cocaine induced myocardial ischaemia - nitrates versus benzodiazepines
			Glucagon in tricyclic overdose
			Is Isoprenaline infusion better than intravenous glucagon for symtomatic beta-blocker overdose
			Use of octreotide acetate to prevent rebound hypoglycemia in sulphonyluria overdose
			Milk and bleach poisoning
			Scorpion envenomation: Does administration of antivenom alter outcome?
			Treatment of Jellyfish Stings in UK coastal waters: Vinegar or Sodium Bicarbonate
			Choice of antidote in cyanide poisoning
			Thrombolysis in cocaine-associated myocardial infarction
			Excision of injection site in the treatment of insulin overdose.
			Delayed activated charcoal in opioid poisoning
			Do IV fluids resuscitate patients with uncomplicated acute alcohol intoxication?
			Phenytoin in Alcohol Related Seizures
			Nebulized levalbuterol or albuterol for lowering serum potassium
			Scorpion envenomation: Does antivenom reduce serum venom concentrations?
			Methanol poisoning antidote - Fomepizole or ethanol?
			Magnesium sulphate for dysrhythmias associated with tricyclic antidepressants
			Monitoring Stable patients in Tricyclic antidepressant overdose
			The use of Sodium Bicarbonate in Tricyclic antidepressant overdose
			The use of intravenous catecholamines in Tricyclic antidepressant overdose with refractory hypotension
			Diagnosis of drug overdose by rapid reversal with Naloxone.
			The use of benzodiazepines to control seizures following tricyclic overdose
			Prediction of fatal overdose in opiate addicts.
			Normalisation of pCO2 levels associated with better outcomes in opiate overdose.
			Atropine in complete heart block secondary to calcium channel blockers toxicity/overdose.
			Intranasal versus injectable naloxone for opioid overdose

Medical » Hypothermia

			Bypass is better than external rewarming after hypothermic cardiac arrest
			Barbiturates in near drowning
			In Patients With Classical Heat Stroke Does Treatment With Dantrolene Improve Outcome?
			Hypothermia - is active rewarming safe
			Normal Temerature in the elderly

Medical » Hyperthermia

			Is dantrolene the best way to treat hyperthermia in patients with cocaine abuse
			Normal Temerature in the elderly

Medical » Anaphylaxis / allergy

			Glucagon infusion in anaphylactic shock in patients on beta-blockers
			Topical antihistamines for insect bites
			Combination therapy with H2 and H1 antihistamines in acute, non compromising allergic reactions
			Are topical corticosteroids superior to systemic histamine antagonists in treatment of allergic seasonal rhinitis?
			Oral steroids in acute urticaria
			Midazolam or ketamine for procedural sedation of children in the emergency department
			Oral antihistamines for insect bites

Medical » Miscellaneous

			Steroids in the management of near-drowning
			Prophylactic antibiotics in near-drowning
			Early acyclovir reduces the duration of acute therapy zoster infection
			Phenytoin or Fosphenytoin as a second line treatment of Status Epilepticus in the Emergency Department.
			Antitetanus immunisation in the elderly
			The straight, slow method may be best for removing ticks
			Patients may be sent home after a first epileptic fit
			Hepatitis B vaccination in needlestick injury
			Risk of HIV infection from mouth-to-mouth resuscitation
			In hypertension, does meditation reduce blood pressure?
			Should high risk patients receive clopidogrel as well as aspirin post coronary arterial bypass grafting?
			Steroids and Temporal Arteritis
			Serum Prolactin and Epilepsy
			Normal Temerature in the elderly

Medical » Musculoskeletal system » Arthritis » Infective

			Diagnostic needle aspiration in olecranon bursitis may be indicated to define the underlying cause.
			Distinguishing between septic arthritis of the hip and transient synovitis in children

Medical » Musculoskeletal system » Arthritis » Non-infective

			Diagnostic needle aspiration in olecranon bursitis may be indicated to define the underlying cause.
			Intra-articular steroid injections in acute rheumatoid monoarthritides
			Massage therapy in Arthritis
			Exclusion of diagnosis of gout on the basis of normal uric acid level in blood
			Hydrotherapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Medical » Musculoskeletal system » Other

Calcium and vitamin D3 in osteoporotic fractures

Medical » Renal » Failure

			The use of loop diuretics in acute renal failure in critically ill patients - maintenance of renal function
			Nebulized levalbuterol or albuterol for lowering serum potassium

BETs and CAs in this Category

Generic appraisals