Traction Splints for the treatment of mid shaft femur fractures

Date First Published:
October 30, 2012
Last Updated:
February 6, 2013
Report by:
Harriet Runcie, Clinical Fellow A&E (West Cumberland Hospital, Whitehaven)
Three-Part Question:
In [Adults with shaft femur fractures], are [traction splints better than simple splints without traction] at [reducing pain, bleeding and other complications associated with femur fractures].
Clinical Scenario:
You are part of a mountain rescue team that has been called to a 22 year old climber who fell from a rockface at a height of 8metres. He landed injuring his left leg. His thigh is deformed, swollen and painful and he is unable to weightbear. You suspect a femoral fracture. Are you able to splint the leg in a box leg splint or do you need to call other team members to bring up a traction splint?
Search Strategy:
Medline 1950 to present
Embase 1980 to present
Cochrane library
Uptodate online, accessed 20/11/12
Search Details:
Femoral fractures AND traction splints
Outcome:
15 articles and one uptodate topic were found relating to the topic.
5 look at the history of traction splints, 5 demonstrate case studies with complications from traction use and 5 discuss traction use.
They are all low level evidence using the Oxford Scale of Evidence- all level 4 or 5, based on single case studies or case series

None directly assess outcomes comparing traction with no traction.
Author Commentary:
At present there is no evidence demonstrating the benefits of traction.
And the evidence is of low level so cannot be used to draw conclusions on best practice.
Bottom Line:
We would advocate the continued use of traction splints until further research has been performed, but recognise that other splints may be appropriate.